Hypersomnia

Hypersomnia is a condition where individuals experience excessive daytime sleepiness despite getting enough rest at night. People with hypersomnia may need frequent naps throughout the day, even during inappropriate situations like work or conversations.

Symptoms:

• Extreme daytime sleepiness

• Drowsy despite 10 hours of sleep

• Disoriented upon waking

• Anxiety and irritability

• Low energy

• Restlessness

• Difficulty focusing, memory issues

• Headaches

• Loss of appetite

• Hallucinations

Insomnia

Insomnia is one of the most common sleep disorders affecting people’s ability to fall or stay asleep. There are two main types of insomnia: Short-term Insomnia and Chronic Insomnia.

Short-term insomnia is often triggered by stress or sudden changes in routine and typically resolves on its own. Chronic insomnia is a long-term condition that consistently disrupts sleep and significantly impacts overall quality of life.

Symptoms:

• Trouble falling asleep

• Waking up at night

• Waking up too early

• Daytime tiredness

• Feeling irritable or anxious

• Difficulty focusing or remembering

• Increased errors or accidents

• Constant worry about sleep

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a serious sleep disorder in which breathing stops and starts repeatedly, disrupting oxygen flow to the brain and body.

There are three types of sleep apnea. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) occurs when the throat muscles relax, blocking the airway. Central Sleep Apnea (CSA) happens when the brain fails to send proper signals to the muscles that control breathing. Complex Sleep Apnea Syndrome occurs when someone with OSA develops CSA while receiving therapy for OSA.

Symptoms:

• Loud snoring

• Breathing stops during sleep (reported by others)

• Gasping for air during sleep

• Waking up with a dry mouth

• Morning headaches

• Trouble focusing while awake

• Irritability

Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)

Restless Leg Syndrome is a neurological condition characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, particularly at night. This sensation often worsens when lying down or sitting for extended periods, making falling or staying asleep difficult.

Symptoms:

• Urge to move legs

• Discomfort when resting

• Symptoms worsen in the evening

• Nighttime leg twitching

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD)

RBD is a sleep disorder where individuals physically act out their dreams during the REM (Rapid Eye Movement) stage of sleep. During REM sleep, the body typically prevents physical reactions to dreams. Still, in RBD, a person may move, talk, or even engage in actions like kicking, punching, or jumping out of bed, risking injury to themselves or their sleep partner.

Symptoms:

• Kicking or punching during sleep

• Flailing arms or jumping out of bed

• Responding to intense or violent dreams (e.g., being chased or attacked)