What is Metastatic Breast Cancer?

Metastatic breast cancer, also known as stage IV breast cancer, occurs when cancer cells spread beyond the breast to other parts of the body. Common sites include the bones, liver, lungs, and brain. This stage of cancer is considered chronic and requires ongoing treatment to manage symptoms and slow progression.

Signs of Metastatic Breast Cancer

Here’s what you need to know about the signs of metastatic breast cancer.

• Persistent fatigue and weakness

  One of the most common signs of metastatic breast cancer is persistent fatigue. Unlike typical tiredness, this fatigue can be overwhelming, significantly affecting daily activities and quality of life. Patients may feel weak, even after a good night's sleep.

• Unexplained pain

  Unexplained pain in areas such as the back, hips, or shoulders may indicate the spread of cancer to the bones. This pain is often persistent and can worsen over time, interfering with daily life and mobility. Bone metastases are a common occurrence in metastatic breast cancer and can lead to fractures if not addressed promptly.

• Shortness of breath

  Shortness of breath, or dyspnea, may occur if cancer has spread to the lungs. This symptom can be distressing and may present as difficulty breathing, a persistent cough, or needing to rest more frequently during physical activity.

• Changes in appetite

  A noticeable change in appetite or sudden weight loss can be a tell-tale sign of metastatic breast cancer, especially if the cancer has spread to the liver or gastrointestinal tract. Patients may experience nausea, vomiting, or a general lack of interest in food. Appetite changes can lead to nutritional deficiencies, impacting energy levels and the body's ability to cope with cancer and its treatments.

• Cognitive changes

  Cognitive changes, such as memory loss or difficulty concentrating, may occur if cancer has metastasized to the brain. This symptom can manifest as confusion, forgetfulness, or difficulty processing information. Brain metastases require careful evaluation and management, as they can significantly impact quality of life.

Treatment Options for Metastatic Breast Cancer

Explore the latest advancements in treatment options for metastatic breast cancer.

• Targeted therapy

  Targeted therapy is a form of cancer treatment that uses drugs to target specific molecules involved in the growth and spread of cancer cells. These therapies are designed to interfere with cancer cell processes while minimizing damage to healthy cells.

• Immunotherapy

  Immunotherapy harnesses the body's immune system to fight cancer cells. This innovative approach has shown promise in treating various types of cancer, including metastatic breast cancer.

• Chemotherapy

  Chemotherapy remains a standard treatment for metastatic breast cancer, utilizing powerful drugs to kill or halt the division of rapidly growing cancer cells. Chemotherapy may be administered orally or intravenously, depending on the specific drugs used and the patient's treatment plan.

• Hormonal therapy

  Hormonal therapy, also known as endocrine therapy, is used to treat hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer. This approach involves blocking or lowering the levels of hormones like estrogen and progesterone that fuel cancer growth.

• Radiation therapy

  Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to target and destroy cancer cells in specific body areas. It is often employed to relieve symptoms caused by bone metastases or brain metastases in metastatic breast cancer patients. Radiation therapy may be delivered externally or internally, depending on the treatment site and the patient's needs.